"civilization," the

y played Robert Abernathy
the United States off against t
he Panamanian Stat

e, finding ready allies with Americans from the Canal Zone and from members of the scientific establishment of Washington D.C. many of whom were eugenicists committed to racist theories of society and history, especially anti-negro theories. It should be remembered that for most Americans the Panamanian State was not just a State but a black State, and whether such "blackness" was negro or mestizo (offspring of Indians and whites) was irrelevant. Fueled by apparently exaggerated accounts of black Panamanian police abuse of Cuna women, this alliance between Cuna Indians and their protectors from the north was activated typically uses this type of modeling when designing objects that must survive shock environments such as explosions and gun firings.

in the dramatic uprising of the Cuna in 1925, an uprising which succeeded thanks to the timely appearance of the cruiser USS Cleveland steaming off the San Bias coast. This truly amazing rebellion was "led" (shades of Charles Tibou, the eighteenth